An Introduction to the 1939 Penny
The 1939 penny, a part of American numismatics, is a coin of interest to collectors. Pennies minted in this year were part of the Lincoln Wheat series, featuring Abraham Lincoln’s profile. Victor D. Brenner designed it originally in 1909. The reverse side of the coin depicts two ears of wheat, which is why these coins are often called Wheat pennies.
Mint Marks and Their Significance
There were three mints producing pennies in 1939: Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco. Each mint left a unique mark on the coins. Philadelphia coins typically do not have a mint mark, while Denver pennies carry the ‘D,’ and those from San Francisco the ‘S.’ The presence of a mint mark can influence a coin’s value, with certain mints producing fewer coins. Such scarcity can raise a coin’s rarity and worth in the eyes of collectors.
Factors Influencing the 1939 Penny’s Value
Several factors determine the value of a 1939 penny. The first is the coin’s condition, often referred to as its grade. Coins are graded on a scale, where uncirculated or well-preserved pennies fetch higher values. Collectors employ grading systems like Good, Very Good, Fine, Very Fine, Extremely Fine, About Uncirculated, and Mint State, to describe a coin’s condition.
Another crucial factor is the rarity of the coin, which can be affected by its mint mark. Coins with lower mintage numbers or those that have survived fewer alterations command higher values. Coins having errors or unique characteristics may also be valued more by collectors. These peculiarities can stem from issues during the minting process, leading to double-die errors, misstrikes, or wrong planchet errors.
Understanding Conditions and Grading
- Good (G): The coin shows heavy wear, with design and detail faint but visible.
- Very Good (VG): Details such as Abraham Lincoln’s features, although worn, become more noticeable. Rims may merge into the devices.
- Fine (F): Significant wear is apparent, but more detail is present. Ear details are sharp.
- Very Fine (VF): With less evident wear, fine details of the hair and wheat ears increase in clarity.
- Extremely Fine (EF): A trace of wear is visible on the highest points. Most details remain noticeable.
- About Uncirculated (AU): Only slight traces of wear blend with the luster, confined to high points.
- Mint State (MS): No signs of wear, may feature slight contact marks or blemishes. Full mint luster exists.
Current Market Trends
1939 pennies are not excessively rare, as their mintage was significant. However, pennant factors mentioned earlier tend to play large roles in assessing value. On average, a 1939 penny can range in price from a few cents, in fair condition, to a few dollars, when in pristine condition. Coins preserved exceptionally well, graded as MS-65 can reach considerably higher amounts.
Mint mark differences can affect these values. San Francisco Mint coins, due to somewhat lower mintages than Philadelphia, might exhibit slightly higher prices in better conditions. Denver-minted coins also gain a modest premium in conditions closer to mint state.
1939 Penny Errors and Varieties
Certain errors and varieties of the 1939 penny can further influence value. Double-die obverses, broadstrikes, or off-center strikes are examples of interest. While these characteristics occur less commonly, they tend to appeal to collectors looking for unique coins, thereby fetching higher values. Thorough research is crucial to identifying these errors accurately, sometimes requiring expert advice or professional grading.
The Historical Context of the 1939 Penny
Coins are as much about history as they are about currency. The 1939 penny sits on the brink of a world at war and a nation moving out of the Great Depression. Such context adds an alluring historical undertone to these coins, captivating collectors who value not just the item but the era it represents.
Collecting Strategies
When pursuing 1939 pennies, collectors often follow specific strategies. One common approach is building a complete set across different mints. This includes acquiring high-grade specimens from each minting facility. Others might focus on just those specific mint-marked coins that offer the rarity premium.
Some choose to invest in error coins. Understanding the intricacies of these coins and maintaining updated knowledge about the numismatic market is crucial for any collector. Engaging with forums, attending coin shows, and consulting with experienced collectors or numismatists can offer invaluable insights.
Storing and Preserving Coins
The value of 1939 pennies is significantly tied to their condition. Proper storage methods when preserving collectible coins must be employed. Coins should avoid contact with the oils from human skin; using gloves is recommended. They should also be stored in climate-controlled environments, inside holders that ensure protection from air and humidity.
Organized storage further encompasses using catalog systems and grading details. These practices naturally shield the coins from potential harm and allow a collector to track their holdings with precision.
A Note on Authenticity and Appraisal
Authenticity is critical when dealing with valuable coins like the 1939 penny. Purchasing coins from established dealers or obtaining authenticity certificates safeguards against counterfeit coins. Professional appraisals can further aid in recognizing a coin’s value and authenticity, particularly in cases of rare pennies or collections intended for sale.
