The History of the Half Dollar
The half dollar has been a part of American currency for over two centuries. Its story is rich with history and significance. Over the years, it has featured many iconic figures, but one stands tall among them all—John F. Kennedy.
Early Half Dollars
The United States Mint started producing half dollars in 1794. Initially, these coins featured Lady Liberty. The design changed several times throughout the 19th century. Lady Liberty was a symbol of freedom and prosperity. Yet, as the nation evolved, so did its currency.
Barber and Walking Liberty
In the late 1800s, Charles E. Barber, the Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint, introduced a new design. The Barber half dollar was minted from 1892 to 1915. It featured a portrait of Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse. Then came the Walking Liberty half dollar in 1916. Adolph A. Weinman designed it, showcasing Liberty striding forward, draped in the American flag.
Franklin Half Dollar
Before JFK’s image adorned the coin, Benjamin Franklin was featured on the half dollar. This design was the work of Mint engraver John R. Sinnock. Introduced in 1948, it was the first time an American who wasn’t a president was depicted on a regular-issue circulating coin. The reverse showcased the Liberty Bell.
The Kennedy Half Dollar
The tragic assassination of President Kennedy in 1963 led to a national outpouring of grief. As a tribute, the half dollar was redesigned bearing his likeness. The project moved rapidly through Congress. By 1964, the first Kennedy half dollars were minted. Since then, Kennedy’s image remains on the half dollar.
Design Features
The obverse side features Kennedy’s left-facing profile. The reverse displays the Presidential Seal, with an eagle holding an olive branch and arrows. The eagle is encircled by stars, symbolizing the original colonies. Gilroy Roberts designed the obverse and Frank Gasparro sculpted the reverse.
Metal Composition
Initially, the coin was struck in 90% silver. But with rising silver prices, a change was necessary. In 1965, Congress reduced silver content to 40%. By 1971, the coin transitioned to a copper-nickel clad composition, similar to modern quarters and dimes.
Collectibility and Circulation
Early Kennedy half dollars, particularly those minted in 1964, are sought by collectors. Many Jefferson enthusiasts prize these coins. The coin’s popularity soared shortly after its release. Yet, as time passed, its circulation waned. Today, the half dollar is seldom encountered in everyday transactions.
Cultural Impact
The Kennedy half dollar remains a potent symbol of an era. It encapsulates the optimism of the 1960s and the lasting impact of the Kennedy presidency. For coin collectors, it offers a tangible link to this pivotal period in history.
The Coin’s Legacy
More than just currency, each Kennedy half dollar is a piece of art. Its design reflects not only economic value but historical and cultural significance. The coin commemorates a president who inspired a nation.
Trends and Future Outlook
Despite its declining role in everyday commerce, the Kennedy half dollar endures. Collectors and historians continue to cherish it. While future designs may come, Kennedy’s image is likely to remain a constant for years to come.